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Sir Edmund Percival Hillary (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest. They were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest, led by John Hunt. Hillary was named by ''Time'' as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Hillary became interested in mountaineering while in secondary school, making his first major climb in 1939, reaching the summit of Mount Ollivier. He served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a navigator during World War II. Prior to the 1953 Everest expedition, Hillary had been part of the British reconnaissance expedition to the mountain in 1951, as well as an unsuccessful attempt to climb Cho Oyu in 1952. As part of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition he reached the South Pole overland in 1958. He subsequently reached the North Pole, making him the first person to reach both poles and summit Everest. Following his ascent of Everest, Hillary devoted most of his life to helping the Sherpa people of Nepal through the Himalayan Trust, which he founded. Through his efforts, many schools and hospitals were built in Nepal. ==Early life== Hillary was born to Percival Augustus Hillary and Gertrude Hillary (née Clark) in Auckland, Dominion of New Zealand, on 20 July 1919.〔Christchurch City Libraries, (''Famous New Zealanders'' ). Retrieved 23 January 2007.〕 His family moved to Tuakau (south of Auckland) in 1920, after his father (who served at Gallipoli in the 15th North Auckland) was allocated land there.〔(The early years – Ed Hillary ), (New Zealand History online – Nga korero aipurangi o Aotearoa ), Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. Updated 11 January 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2008.〕 His grandparents were early settlers in northern Wairoa in the mid-19th century after emigrating from Yorkshire, England. Hillary was educated at Tuakau Primary School and then Auckland Grammar School.〔 He finished primary school two years early and at high school achieved average marks.〔Simon Robinson, (Sir Edmund Hillary: Top of the World ), ''Time Magazine'', 10 January 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2008.〕 He was initially smaller than his peers there and very shy so he took refuge in his books and daydreams of a life filled with adventure. His daily train journey to and from high school was over two hours each way, during which he regularly used the time to read. He gained confidence after he learned to box. At 16 his interest in climbing was sparked during a school trip to Mount Ruapehu. Though gangly at 6 ft 5 in (195 cm) and uncoordinated, he found that he was physically strong and had greater endurance than many of his tramping companions.〔(Hillary mourned, both in Nepal and New Zealand ) Timesonline.co.uk dated 11 January 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2008〕 He studied mathematics and science at the Auckland University College, and in 1939 completed his first major climb, reaching the summit of Mount Ollivier, near Aoraki/Mount Cook in the Southern Alps.〔 With his brother Rex, Hillary became a beekeeper,〔〔 a summer occupation that allowed him to pursue climbing in the winter.〔 He joined the Radiant Living Tramping Club, where a holistic health philosophy developed by the health advocate Herbert Sutcliffe was taught. Hillary developed his love for the outdoors on tours with the club through the Waitakere Ranges. His interest in beekeeping later led Hillary to commission Michael Ayrton to cast a golden sculpture in the shape of honeycomb in imitation of Daedalus's lost-wax process. This was placed in his New Zealand garden, where his bees took it over as a hive and "filled it with honey and their young".〔(Page 59 ) in Guy Davenport's ' The Geography of the Imagination ' (North Point Press, 1981).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edmund Hillary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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